Analysis on the status quo of the awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment and its influencing factors among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.

New Proposals for Application of Terahertz Imaging Technique in Chinese Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

The rapid development of terahertz technology promotes the realization of various terahertz imaging systems. Terahertz technology features terahertz waves as good non-invasive illumination sources due to their high spectral resolution, penetration and safety. The terahertz imaging technique (TIT) has gradually been extended from the biomedical field to the field of Chinese medicine (CM), and it has become a powerful tool for seeking scientific evidence for CM theories with the use of modern science and technology. This paper reviews the current application of TITs in the field of CM research, and most importantly offers novel proposals for the application of TITs in CM research from the perspective of CM syndrome objectification and acupuncture research and cites existing reports as reference to the feasibility of these new proposals.

Physalin B reduces Aβ secretion through down-regulation of BACE1 expression by activating FoxO1 and inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation / 中国天然药物

Physalin B (PB), one of the major active steroidal constituents of Solanaceae Physalis plants, has a wide variety of biological activities. We found that PB significantly down-regulated β-amyloid (Aβ) secretion in N2a/APPsw cells. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the changes in key enzymes involved in β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) metabolism and other APP metabolites by treating N2a/APPsw cells with PB at different concentrations. The results indicated that PB reduced Aβ secretion, which was caused by down-regulation of β-secretase (BACE1) expression, as indicated at both the protein and mRNA levels. Further research revealed that PB regulated BACE1 expression by inducing the activation of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) and inhibiting the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). In addition, the effect of PB on BACE1 expression and Aβ secretion was reversed by treatment with FoxO1 siRNA and STAT3 antagonist S3I-201. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that PB can effectively down-regulate the expression of BACE1 to reduce Aβsecretion by activating the expression of FoxO1 and inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3.

Characteristics of orofacial operant test for orofacial pain sensitivity caused by occlusal interference in rats / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the orofacial pain sensitivity with operant test and mechanical hyperalgesia with von Frey filaments of two orofacial pain models (EOI: experimental occlusal interference; pIONX: partial infraorbital nerve transection). To investigate the operant and evoked characteristics of EOI-rats.@*METHODS@#The orofacial operant behaviors were tested by Ugo Basile Orofacial Stimulation Test System. The mechanical thresholds of vibrissal pads were tested by von Frey filaments. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into eight groups: von Frey group: sham-EOI, EOI, sham-pIONX, pIONX (sham: sham-operated group); operant test group: sham-EOI, EOI, sham-pIONX, pIONX (sham: sham-operated group). The mechanical thresholds and orofacial operant behaviors were tested on pre-operation and post-operation days l, 3, 7, 10, 14 and 21.@*RESULTS@#In pIONX of von Frey group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold decreased from days 1 to 21 (P<0.05), peaking from days 7 to 10, and lasted until the end of the experiment. There was no significant difference between the bilateral sides. In pIONX of operant test group, the total contact time decreased from days 10 to 21 (P<0.05), peaking from days 10 to 14, and lasted until the end of the experiment. In EOI of von Frey group, the mechanical withdrawal threshold decreased from days 3 to 21 (P<0.05), peaking on day 7, and lasted until the end of the experiment. There was no significant difference between the bilateral sides. In EOI of operant test group, the total contact time decreased from days 1 to 21 (P<0.05), peaking from days 7 to 10, and lasting until the end of experiment.@*CONCLUSION@#Orofacial operant test is a stable method to evaluate orofacial pain behaviors, which could discriminate the feature of neuropathic and EOI orofacial pain. In these two animal models, both of the operant behaviors and the mechanical hyperalgesia exhibited different time courses. Orofacial operant test provides a novel method for evaluating the orofacial pain sensitivity and studying the orofacial pain mechanism thoroughly.

Correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and anastomotic leakage after operation for middle to low rectal cancer / 中国实用外科杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the risk factors and relationship between intestinal flora imbalance and anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal cancer lower anterior resection(LAR)in patients with middle-low rectal cancer.METHODS: Clinical data of 155 patients with mid to low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic lower anterior resection at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from November 2016 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Postoperative intestinal flora imbalance and anastomotic leakage were evaluated,and statistical results were gained.RESULTS: Of the 155 patients,34(21.9%)patients had postoperative intestinal flora imbalance. Twenty patients of anastomotic leakage after operation(12.9%)were discovered,and 18 patients(11.6%)had both anastomotic leakage and intestinal flora imbalance. Univariate and multivariate logic regression analysis showed that intestinal flora imbalance(χ~2=25.674,OR=90.398,P0.05).CONCLUSION: The early diagnosis of postoperative intestinal floraimbalance in rectal cancer patients depends more on clinical experience. Intestinal floraimbalance,the enlargement of tumor diameterare risk factors for anastomotic leakage,and protective enterostomy would reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage.

Hypoxia amplifies lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1β expression in macrophages / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expression of IL-1βin macrophages.Methods RAW264.7 cells were treated with normoxia(21%O2),hypoxia(2%O2), normoxia(21%O2)plus LPS and hypoxia(2%O2)plus LPS.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Vegf,Nlrp3 and Il1b.Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of HIF-1α,NLRP3,caspase-1,cleaved caspase-1,Pro-IL-1βand IL-1β.The peritoneal macrophages of Vhlfl/fl/Apoe-/-mice and VhlΔMac/Apoe-/-mice were treated with or without LPS.RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Vhl,Nlrp3,Il1b and Il6.Results Compared with nor-moxia, hypoxia significantly increased mRNA of Vegf, Nlrp3 and Il1b in RAW264.7(P<0.01).Hypoxia increased mRNA and protein of NLRP 3 and IL-1βin RAW264.7 induced with LPS comparing with normoxia(P<0.01).Hypoxia had no effects on the activation of caspase-1 and the subsequent maturation of Pro-IL-1βinduced with LPS in RAW264.7.Compared with Vhlfl/fl/Apoe-/-peritoneal macrophages,VhlΔMac/Apoe-/-peritoneal macro-phages showed significantly increased mRNA levels of Nlrp3,Il1b and Il6 induced with LPS(P<0.05).Conclu-sions Hypoxia amplifies lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1βexpression in macrophages.

In vivo migration of mesenchymal stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have the capacities of low immunogenicity, multiple differentiation, hematopoietic supporting and immunoregulation. And due to their relative ease of availability and ex vivo expansion, the applications of MSC in the prevention and treatment of clinical disease have been rapidly expanded in the recent years. However, increasing investigations indicate that intravenously infused MSC widely distribute to various organs of the recipients. The two intended clinical goals of adoptive cellular therapy reached to the greatest efficiency. Therefore, the ideal candidate cells showed to have the capacity of site-specific relocation in vivo. In this review, the distribution characteristics of infused MSC and the recent research advances on the strategies to enhance targeted migration of MSCs are summarized.

Clinical research on the correlations between type 2 diabetes mellitus and renal clear cell carcinoma / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between renal clear cell carcinoma and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundreds and sixty-four patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and four hundred controls who suffered from non-urinary system, non-neoplastic or non-hormone-related disorders, were enrolled from January 2008 to December 2012. The incidence of diabetes between the 2 groups and the relationship between renal clear cell carcinoma and duration of diabetes were compared, moreover, renal clear cell carcinoma patients with DM were compared with patients without DM for their clinical features, laboratory examinations and histological characteristics.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The comparison of renal clear cell carcinoma group and control group: the incidence of DM in the two groups were 19.7% and 12.8% respectively, and the difference was significant (χ(2) = 5.86, P < 0.05, OR = 1.68). In the renal clear cell carcinoma group, the proportion of patients with DM diagnosed within 2-4 years was 4.92%, which were significant higher than those in the control group 1.70% (χ(2) = 5.49, P < 0.05, OR = 2.91). And men with diabetes had high occurrence risk 86% of renal clear cell carcinoma (OR = 1.86, 95%CI: 1.09-3.15). The comparison of diabetes patients subgroup and non-diabetic patients subgroup in renal clear cell carcinoma group: in respect of clinical features, greatest tumor diameter in the two subgroups were (4.9 ± 2.3) cm and (4.2 ± 2.1) cm respectively, and the difference was significant (t = 1.96, P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in terms of age, gender and cancer location between the two subgroups (P > 0.05). In respect of laboratory examinations, serum creatinine in the two subgroups were (72 ± 20) µmol/L and (65 ± 17) µmol/L, and the difference was significant (t = 2.34, P < 0.05); serum urea nitrogen in the 2 subgroups were (7.1 ± 2.1) mmol/L and (6.0 ± 1.5) mmol/L respectively, and the difference was significant too (t = 1.47, P < 0.05). In respect of histological characteristics, the proportion of well differentiated clear cell carcinoma were 80.8% and 81.1% respectively, and the difference was significant (χ(2) = 4.23, P < 0.05). The proportion of stage II were 25.0% and 27.8% respectively and the difference was significant (χ(2) = 4.08, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DM is closely related with renal clear cell carcinoma and DM may be a possible risk factor for the tumor. And for elderly patients with diabetes who appear waist discomfort or hematuria, a careful examination of kidney is important to make early diagnosis, give timely treatment and improve survival prognosis.</p>

Moral problems of hymen repairment / 中国医学伦理学

This paper systematically stated the sexual moral problems of the repairment of ruptured hymen resulted form different reasons and the moral principles and requirements for the operator.